National Education Policy (NEP) and National Curriculum Framework (NCF) in India:

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 National Education Policy (NEP) and National Curriculum Framework (NCF) in India:


*National Education Policy (NEP)*


The NEP is a detailed document containing guidelines for educational changes and development. Four NEPs have been designed so far:


- *1968 NEP*: Introduced the Three-Language Formula, focusing on universal primary education, regional language development, and cultural preservation.

- *1986 NEP*: Emphasized inclusive and equitable education, focusing on women's education, disadvantaged groups, and teacher training.

- *1992 NEP*: Built upon the 1986 policy, with continued emphasis on inclusivity and equity.

- *2020 NEP*: Aims to make education universally accessible from primary to secondary level by 2030. Introduced the 5+3+3+4 education model, replacing the old 10+2 model ¹.


*National Curriculum Framework (NCF)*


The NCF is a document created based on the NEP, serving as a blueprint for curriculum, textbooks, and teaching methods. Several NCFs have been published:


- *1975 NCF*: Focused on national development, modernization, and social change.

- *1988 NCF*: Emphasized socio-cultural values and inclusivity.

- *2000 NCF*: Focused on learner-centric education, reducing curriculum load, and technology integration.

- *2005 NCF*: Built upon the 2000 framework, with continued emphasis on inclusivity and learner-centric education.

- *2023 NCF*: Introduced competency-based education, focusing on foundational learning, multilingualism, and technology integration ¹ ².


*Key Principles of NCF 2023*


The NCF 2023 is based on several core principles:


- *Holistic Development*: Emphasizes nurturing students' social, physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being.

- *Inclusivity*: Aims to make education more accessible and inclusive.

- *Foundational Learning*: Focuses on essential elements of education, such as language, social interaction, and numeracy.

- *Building Life Skills*: Emphasizes critical thinking, problem-solving, collaboration, and communication.

- *Multilingualism*: Proposes the 3-language model to increase students' language literacy.

- *Technology Integration*: Highlights the importance of technology integration in education ².

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